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Agent Process Model of Human Cognition, Emotions and Behaviour
Pač, Peter ; Zbořil, František (referee) ; Kubát, David (advisor)
This work deals with modeling of the human psyche and its cognitive processes, emotions and behaviors based on agent system. The first objective of this examines the issue from the perspective of general psychology and intelligent systems. The work discusses in detail the design model of the human psyche with definitions of agents system and design of simulation environment. The special part is devoted to the design of the neural network system. After description of implementation of the model and simulation environment, finally, the work show results of experiments with the implemented system from the perspective of conformity with psychological theories and benefits to artificial intelligence.
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Archive+
Šana, Václav ; Hora, Jan (referee) ; Kristek, Jan (advisor)
The proposal deals with the architecture archive concept on a wider social scale. The goal is to treat the information as a certain relative value, when the individual spaces are conceived with emotional surprise. There is a controlled collision between old and new approaches where attractive spaces serve purely rational mechanical systems. A person going through the archive should perceive emotional experiences and, after leaving the archive, perceive information in a more complex way.
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Effect of caloric restriction on neuroplasticity
Sonina, Alisa ; Málková, Petra (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
Calorie restriction has been shown to have a wide range of beneficial effects on health and longevity, although its effects on brain function are not as well known. This paper reviews the current state of research on the effects of calorie restriction on neuroplasticity, including studies examining the molecular, structural, and behavioral effects of dietary restriction in animal and human models. Overall, the evidence suggests that caloric restriction promotes neuroplasticity. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine the optimal duration and intensity of caloric restriction. Key words: Caloric restriction, neuroplasticity, diet, cognition, neurogenesis, metabolism
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Depressive rumination: testing the analytical rumination hypothesis in patients with depressive disorder
Janíčková, Petra ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Dymešová, Gabriela (referee)
Depression is commonly viewed as a pathology. Depressive rumination, one of the key symptoms of depression is thought to be a maladaptive cognitive style that contributes to worse and longer depressive episodes. Here I present an alternative approach called the analytical rumination hypothesis (ARH). ARH proposes that depression is an evolved response to complex analytical problems. In a study on inmate patients of the National institute of mental health in Klecany with diagnosed depression we tested the validity of the ARH through assessing the influence of depressive rumination on mood, cognitive performance and electrophysiological correlates. Rumination was experimentally induced by expressive writing. In the control condition we used the distractive writing method. The results show a corresponding effect of rumination on the mood of our patients as expected. However, we were not able to see the proposed effects on cognitive abilities. KEY WORDS Depression, rumination, adaptation, cognition, affective state, neural correlates
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Mitophagy biomarkers in the continuum of Alzheimer's disease
Katonová, Alžbeta ; Veverová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Bohačiaková, Dáša (referee)
The findings of recent years have shown that impaired mitophagy is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Studies on brain biopsies of AD patients, cellular and animal models of AD show that age-dependent decline in mitophagy is a significant contributor to AD pathology, and that the levels of mitophagy proteins are altered. However, whether these changes are reflected in the biofluids of individuals with AD, and whether mitophagy proteins could be potential biomarkers of AD, is unknown.The aim of the diploma thesis was to compare the level of mitophagy markers in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients in various stages of AD with cognitively healthy controls (CU) and determine its relationship to the degree of cognitive impairment and standard Alzheimer's biomarkers (amyloid beta (Ab42), total tau (T-tau) and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181)). We have shown that mitophagy is impaired in individuals with AD, manifested by increased levels of PINK1 and BNIP3L (activators of mitophagy) and decreased levels of TFEB (master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis) compared to CU. Moreover, these changes were associated with more advanced AD pathology, manifested by increased AD biomarker positivity and cognitive...
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Human Perception in Condition of Uncertainty: The Visual, Auditory and Embodied Responses to Ambiguous Stimuli
Boschetti, Silvia ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Palanza, Paola (referee) ; Pfaus, James (referee)
In order to orient ourselves in the environment our senses have evolved so as to acquire optimal information. The optimization, however, incurs mistakes. To avoid costly ones, the over-perception of patterns (in humans) augments the decision making. I tested the decision- making in two modalities, acoustic and visual. A set of stimuli (using computer-generated graphics, based on output from a very good pseudo random generator) was produced: masks with a random pattern with varying degree of transparency over geometrical figures were used, followed by similar task that involved black and white high-contrast patterns. In both cases, I was able to find, using a Bayesian statistical approach, that the ability to detect the correct pattern presence (or lack thereof) was related to respondents' thinking styles, specifically Rationality and Intuition. Furthermore, I used ambiguous facial expressions, and accompanying vocalizations, of high-intensity affects (pain, pleasure and fear) and low- intensity (neutral and smile/laughter). My findings evidenced that the high-intensity facial expressions and vocalizations were rated with a low probability of correct response. Differences in the consistency of the ratings were detected and also the range of probabilities of being due to chance (guessing). When...
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The conception of the transcendent in the workings of Shihab al-Din Yahya Suhrawardi
KUČERA, Václav
This work deals with the transcendent in the cosmogonal conception of persian mystic and philosopher Shihab al-Din al-Suhrawardi. In short it discusses his life, works and historicla-cultural context of the arab world in the 12th century. More broadly it deals with the genesis in the philosophy of illumination, the school of ideas of al-Suhrawardi. It analyses the hierarchy of creation from the transcendent creator through the celestial spheres and angelic beings down to the elemental world of matter. It clarifies that the whole process is a continuum and that the Light of lights has even despite his transcendency a direct relationship with everything it creates. Further it contains a few rules given by al-Suhrawardi as a guide to the successful life. At the end of the work is a short treatise about the history of the philosophy of illumination in between the death of al-Suhrawardi and present days.
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Biofluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease and their relationship with cognitive and structural markers
Jurášová, Vanesa ; Veverová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Chmátalová, Zuzana (referee)
The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is based on the determination of specific proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or their imaging using positron emission tomography. Both methods are invasive and can expose the patient to risk and discomfort. Blood biomarkers, therefore, represent hope for early diagnosis and monitoring of individuals at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The diploma thesis aimed to determine biomarkers in blood using the ultrasensitive Simoa TM (Single molecular assay) technology and to verify their relationship to the values in CSF. The second aim was to track the relationship between blood biomarkers and cognitive markers of Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrated a positive relationship between serum, plasma, and CSF p-tau 181 concentrations. A negative correlation was observed between the concentrations of p-tau 181 in blood and the results of the MMSE test, which is considered a standard cognitive assessment tool. These findings suggest that plasma and serum p-tau 181 may greatly help the clinical identification of neurodegenerative diseases in primary care. The negative correlation of plasma and serum p-tau 181 with MMSE test results suggests that blood p-tau 181 could be used in population-based studies to detect individuals at high risk of developing...
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East and West and Cognition
Koláček, Luboš
of rigorous work Mgr. Luboš Koláček, Ph. D. The work is a specific approximation of the European author to the thought of the West with the East, based on the thinkers he selected on both sides. It presents a reflection of ontological, epistemological, ethical and psychological, sociological and other questions and answers to the problem, indicated by the name itself. It is a kaleidoscopic thinking that, by multiplying the contents in the reflections of the others and the others in the third thinkers, intertwines and unfolds into a huge breadth of ideas. In the work, intentionality is contained in the appropriate network of connections, which represents the West as thinking of explicit meanings and the East as thinking of implicit meanings. The point is to present to the reader not only ready-made statements, but the reader is invited by questions to cooperate in uncovering the unconcealed, i.e. aletheia. It is a hermeneutic method that starts from ready-made answers and only then comes to the questions that are at the same time the background from which the answer arose. It is a special dialogical method that does not want to juxtapose ready-made judgments, but requires the reader to go through this challenge as a co-solver of the question that is to come to the difference between the West and the...
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Multiple Sclerosis - Neuropsychological markers for monitoring disease activity
Friedová, Lucie ; Uher, Tomáš (advisor) ; Holštajn Zemánková, Petra (referee) ; Libertínová, Jana (referee)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that generates a wide range of clinical symptoms. These include cognitive impairment, a set of symptoms closely associated with the quality of life, which also serves as one of the most important predictors of limited ability to work. This doctoral thesis presents the output from four studies divided into three areas focusing on neuropsychological markers in connection to other manifestations and effects of MS. The first researched area is the link between speech characteristics and the information processing speed by patients with MS. Our study has proven a profound association between lower speed of articulation and below-average performance in terms of information processing speed. We have proven that acoustic quantitative speech analysis has the potential to identify patients with below-average cognitive performance. Another goal of this doctoral thesis was to ascertain the predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain levels in recently diagnosed patients with MS for the development of cognitive disorder within nine years of observation. During the period of observation, we uncovered only a loose link between high levels at the onset of the disease and the deterioration of cognitive functions in...
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